Panavia Tornado print-in-place and articulated micro jet fighter

About the Panavia Tornado

The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine, variable-sweep wing multi-role combat aircraft, jointly developed and manufactured by Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany. There are three primary Tornado variants:

Tornado IDS (interdictor/strike) fighter-bomber,

Tornado ECR (electronic combat/reconnaissance) SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses) aircraft,

Tornado ADV (air defence variant) interceptor aircraft.

The Tornado was developed and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft Corporation), Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy. It first flew on 14 August 1974 and was introduced into service in 1979–1980. Due to its multirole design, it was able to replace several different types of aircraft in the adopting air forces. The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) became the only export operator of the Tornado, in addition to the three original partner nations. A training and evaluation unit operating from RAF Cottesmore, the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, maintained a level of international co-operation beyond the production stage. It is the only non-American-developed aircraft currently approved to carry United States nuclear weapons under NATO's Nuclear Planning Group.

The Tornado was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Italian Air Force, and RSAF during the Gulf War of 1991, in which the Tornado conducted many low-altitude penetrating strike missions. The Tornados of various services were also used in the Bosnian War, Kosovo War, Iraq War, in Libya during the 2011 Libyan civil war, as well as smaller roles in Afghanistan, Yemen, and Syria. Including all variants, 990 aircraft were built.

About the model itself

You can find hundreds of fighter models on the Internet. 

Some of them are, however, a faithful reproduction of the machine itself, but such a model is not great to 3D print (because of the thin wings, complicated engines and landing gear, it needs tons of supports etc.). 

On the other side there are simple models of aircraft that are easy to print, but no longer represent the original plane.  

I tried my best to create something in between, a model that is both easy to print and looks like the real aircraft. I spent a lot of time to adjust the wing thickness, the acceptable landing gear design and the optimal way to get rid of default supports and to make the plane look so reliable that even a person not interested in aviation could tell the difference between several models.

Printing

• High quality settings, 0.12mm-0.15mm layer height (I am using 0.12mm)

• 0.4mm nozzle

• NO supports (unless you choose a version without them)

• 100% infill 

• I reccomend to use raft to ensure that the model will not peel off mid-printing.

• Printing (on my 3D printer) takes from 1h to 1h 40minutes depending on settings, printer efficiency and the size of a jet.

• I recommend NOT to scale down the model, because some parts (air intakes, engines, nose) might be deformed, or not even printed, because they will become too thin for the slicer and printer. I also do not guarantee good results when scaling up.

Cleaning the model

Here's a small instruction how to remove the unnecessary parts after printing.

The photos show a MiG-29, but the instructions apply to all models.

First, remove the raft with side cutters.

Then find the gaps in the wings (marked with red arrows). Don't forget about the engines and stabilizers.

CAREFULLY break the supports with pliers, I do not reccomend to use hands, because the wing may break along the layers, not where it should be.

Remember, that even if that happen, there is no need to print the model again. Sometimes it is enough to glue the wing with superglue. 

You can also smooth the wings with a small file or sandpaper and burn the strings with a lighter.

Additional information

If you enjoy my micro jets please leave a nice comment. I am working on some new arcrafts I will be uploading soon. I would be grateful if you would share with me your ideas for new fighters or something completely different. I am open to your suggestions.

I would just like to point out that I am not a professional and I treat creating models for 3D printing as a hobby. Therefore, I am asking for your understanding towards my work.

I wish you successful printing and lots of fun!