Socrates Bust
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updated February 1, 2025

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Bust of Socrates:

Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC) was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is known primarily through the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon.

Key aspects of Socrates' life and philosophy:

  • Socratic Method: Socrates' method of teaching involved asking questions to challenge assumptions and stimulate critical thinking. This is known as the Socratic method or elenchus.
  • Emphasis on Ethics: Socrates focused on questions of ethics and morality, believing that "the unexamined life is not worth living." He sought to understand concepts like justice, virtue, and piety.
  • Ignorance as Wisdom: Socrates famously claimed to know nothing, believing that awareness of one's ignorance is the first step towards knowledge.
  • Influence: Socrates' ideas had a profound impact on Western philosophy, influencing his students Plato and Xenophon, as well as later thinkers.

Socratic Paradoxes:

  • Virtue is Knowledge: This paradox suggests that wrongdoing stems from ignorance, and that anyone who truly knows what is right will do it.
  • No One Does Wrong Knowingly: This follows from the idea that virtue is knowledge. If people do wrong, it is because they are ignorant of what is right.
  • The Soul is Immortal: Socrates argued for the immortality of the soul, believing that it exists before birth and continues after death.

Trial and Death:

  • Socrates was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens.
  • He was found guilty and sentenced to death.
  • He accepted his fate and drank hemlock, a poisonous drink.

Legacy:

  • Socrates' teachings and methods continue to be studied and debated.
  • He is considered a pivotal figure in the development of Western thought.

Note: Socrates did not write down his teachings. What we know of his philosophy comes from the writings of his students, primarily Plato.

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