Hebrew numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Hebrew alphabet. This system does not use separate symbols for numbers but assigns numerical values to the letters. The values are generally as follows:
Single Digits:
א (Aleph) = 1
ב (Bet) = 2
ג (Gimel) = 3
ד (Dalet) = 4
ה (He) = 5
ו (Vav) = 6
ז (Zayin) = 7
ח (Het) = 8
ט (Tet) = 9
Tens:
י (Yud) = 10
כ (Kaf) = 20
ל (Lamed) = 30
מ (Mem) = 40
נ (Nun) = 50
ס (Samekh) = 60
ע (Ayin) = 70
פ (Pe) = 80
צ (Tsadi) = 90
Hundreds:
ק (Qof) = 100
ר (Resh) = 200
ש (Shin) = 300
ת (Tav) = 400
Numbers beyond 400:
To represent numbers greater than 400, combinations of letters are used. For example:
ת״ר (Tav + Resh) = 600
ת״ש (Tav + Shin) = 700
תש״מ (Tav + Shin + Mem) = 740
Special Notes:
Thousands: A prefix of an apostrophe-like symbol (׳) can indicate thousands. For example, א׳ = 1,000.
Avoiding Tetragrammaton: For sacred numbers like 15 and 16, the usual combination (יה or יו) is avoided because these spell forms of God’s name. Instead, ט״ו (9+6) is used for 15, and ט״ז (9+7) for 16.
Symbol Placement: When writing numbers, a geresh (׳) or gershayim (״) is often used to indicate that the characters represent numbers rather than letters.
For example:
18 is written as ח״י (Chet + Yud) and is considered lucky because it spells "Chai," meaning “life.”
The Hebrew numeral for the year 5785 can be represented as:
ה׳תשפ״ה
Breakdown:
ה׳ = 5,000 (the "thousands" prefix).
ת = 400.
ש = 300.
פ = 80.
ה = 5.
Together, they sum up to 5785. The apostrophe (׳) after the first letter indicates the thousands, and the double quotation marks (״) before the last letter indicate the tens and units.