{"data":{"model":{"id":"93117","slug":"mereni-hustoty-3d-vytisku","name":"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hustoty 3D v\u00fdtisk\u016f","authorship":null,"eduProject":{"id":"93","subject":{"id":"13","name":"Physics","slug":"physics","__typename":"SchoolSubjectType"},"language":{"id":"28","name":"Czech","__typename":"LanguageType"},"free":false,"timeDifficulty":"SHORT_TERM","audienceAge":"ADOLESCENT","complexity":"EASY","equipment":[],"suitablePrinters":[],"organisation":"Univerzita Pardubice, f. chemicko-technologick\u00e1","authors":"Ing. Patrik \u010cerm\u00e1k, Ph.D., Mgr. Jana Ka\u0161parov\u00e1, Ph.D.","targetGroupFocus":"

Projekt je ur\u010den\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro studenty V\u0160 a d\u00e1le pro studenty S\u0160 (SO\u010c, AMAVET). \u00daloha je koncipov\u00e1na jako dv\u011b laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch praktik.

","knowledgeAndSkills":"

Projekt je ur\u010den p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro studenty bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edch znalost\u00ed 3D tisku jako vyu\u017eit\u00ed fyziky v praxi (aplikovan\u00e1 fyzika) a sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se s netradi\u010dn\u00ed metodou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hustoty materi\u00e1lu (klasick\u00e1 fyzika). Od student\u016f bude vy\u017eadov\u00e1na dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se teoretick\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f 3D tisku a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hustoty a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm parametry 3D v\u00fdtisk\u016f a nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a vypo\u010dten\u00e9 hodnoty.

","objectives":"

Studenti si vyzkou\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v 3D grafick\u00e9m editoru, sezn\u00e1m\u00ed se s principy 3D tisku a nau\u010d\u00ed se m\u011b\u0159it hustotu v\u00fdtisk\u016f. Hustotu m\u011b\u0159\u00ed klasicky, m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm objemu a hmotnosti, i pomoc\u00ed silom\u011bru, m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na vzduchu a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kapalin\u00e1ch (Archimed\u016fv z\u00e1kon). S vyu\u017eit\u00edm vakua pak podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ur\u010d\u00ed hustotu materi\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho filamentu.

","equipmentDescription":"

3D tisk\u00e1rna, PC s internetov\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm (PrusaSlicer, Tinkercad), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1hy (p\u0159esnost 0,01 g), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed posuvn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko (p\u0159esnost 0,01 mm), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed silom\u011br (p\u0159esnost mN), sada kapalin/rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel (nap\u0159. destilovan\u00e1 voda, hexan, toluen, aceton), k\u00e1dinka, laboratorn\u00ed stojan, v\u00e1zac\u00ed dr\u00e1t (tenk\u00fd), z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed, vakuov\u00e1 komora, v\u00fdv\u011bva.

","timeSchedule":"

Pro celkovou realizaci projektu je t\u0159eba si vyhradit n\u011bkolik hodin a\u017e dn\u00ed, kdy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it funk\u010dnost a dostate\u010dnou citlivost pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f v\u010detn\u011b vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzorov\u00fdch model\u016f a proveden\u00ed kontroln\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava student\u016f p\u0159ed cvi\u010den\u00edm by nem\u011bla p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 1-2 hodiny. Samotn\u00e9 laboratorn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed je rozd\u011bleno na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti s \u010dasovou dotac\u00ed 2x2 hodiny, kdy v prvn\u00ed dvouhodinovce se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed modelov\u00e1n\u00edm a tiskem, ve druh\u00e9 dvouhodinovce m\u011b\u0159\u00ed hustoty. \u010cas tisku je p\u0159itom volen tak, aby nep\u0159es\u00e1hl 2 hodiny (nap\u0159. tisk jedn\u00e9 krychle o rozm\u011brech 2x2x2 cm s 50% v\u00fdpln\u00ed typu gyroid a 0,15 mm v\u00fd\u0161ce vrstvy zabere cca 50 minut).

","workflow":"

Nejprve studenti modeluj\u00ed 3D objekty, a to tak, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it s vyu\u017eit\u00edm Archimedova z\u00e1kona i klasicky (krychle, kv\u00e1dry, koule, pop\u0159. jejich kombinace). Takov\u00fdto objekt n\u00e1sledn\u011b vytisknou zvolen\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161ky vrstvy, po\u010dtu perimetr\u016f, vrchn\u00edch/spodn\u00edch vrstev a druhem v\u00fdpln\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vol\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed/hustotu v\u00fdpln\u011b v rozmez\u00ed 0-100 % (nap\u0159. 4 v\u00fdtisky jednoho modelu o v\u00fdplni 0, 30, 60 a 90 %). N\u00e1sledn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed hmotnost a rozm\u011bry vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch model\u016f (klasick\u00e1 metoda m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hustoty). V\u00fdtisky pot\u00e9 ov\u00e1\u017eou dr\u00e1tem tak, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pov\u011bsit na silom\u011br a bylo je mo\u017en\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1va\u017e\u00edm (p\u0159i hustot\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je hustota kapaliny). Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je vytisknout objekt p\u0159\u00edmo s o\u010dkem na uchycen\u00ed dr\u00e1tu. Silom\u011brem n\u00e1sledn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed s\u00edlu p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na v\u00fdtisk v n\u011bkolika prost\u0159ed\u00edch: na vzduchu, v destilovan\u00e9 vod\u011b, v dal\u0161\u00ed zvolen\u00e9 kapalin\u011b/rozpou\u0161t\u011bdle, a zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017e\u00edm. Studenti p\u0159itom dostanou na v\u00fdb\u011br n\u011bkolik kapalin/rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel s r\u016fznou hustotou, ve kter\u00fdch mohou m\u011b\u0159it. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy zvol\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (n\u00edzk\u00e1 hustota, bez reakce s materi\u00e1lem pou\u017eit\u00e9ho filamentu). V\u00fdtisky v k\u00e1dince s destilovanou vodou nakonec um\u00edst\u00ed do komory, kterou evakuuj\u00ed. Zm\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hustota pak odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hustot\u011b materi\u00e1lu/filamentu. Zpracovan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed srovnan\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch a teoretick\u00fdch hodnot studenti odevzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed formou protokolu, kter\u00fd vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed komentuje a schvaluje.

V\u00fdpo\u010det hustoty v\u00fdtisku prov\u00e1d\u00edme klasicky (1) a s pomoc\u00ed silom\u011bru (2):

kde \u03c1k je hustota kapaliny/rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla, m je hmotnost t\u011blesa, V je objem t\u011blesa, g je t\u00edhov\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed, F1 je s\u00edla p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na t\u011bleso na vzduchu a F2 je s\u00edla p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na t\u011bleso v kapalin\u011b.

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Měření hustoty 3D výtisků

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